Most colon polyps do not cause symptoms, but they are important to monitor because some may develop into cancer over time.

Symptoms

Most polyps do not produce any symptoms, which is why screening is so important. Rarely, a polyp may cause visible blood to appear in your stool. Sometimes blood will only be detected with special testing your doctor may perform on a stool sample (hemoccult testing). Rarely, polyps may cause a change in bowel habits; if the polyp or cancer is very large it may lead to constipation, or perhaps diarrhea, though this is highly unusual. 

Are Colon Polyps Cancerous?

Most colon polyps are non-cancerous (benign). However, some types of polyps can develop into colorectal cancer if left untreated. Since colorectal cancer often starts as polyps, removing them during screenings can help prevent cancer from forming. Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the U.S.

How Common Are Colon Polyps?

Colon polyps are quite common in adults, with 15 to 40 percent of people potentially having them. The likelihood of developing polyps increases with age, and they are more commonly found in men.

Who Is More Likely to Develop Colon Polyps?

While anyone can develop colon polyps, certain factors increase the risk, including:

• Age: People aged 45 or older are at higher risk.

  
  

• Family History: A family history of colon polyps or colorectal cancer increases your risk.

  
  

• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Conditions like ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease increase the risk.

  
  

• Obesity: Overweight individuals are at higher risk of developing polyps.

  
  

• Smoking: Smokers have an increased risk of colon polyps.

When Should I Start Colon Polyp Screening?

Colon polyp screening is important for early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer. Screening helps detect polyps even before symptoms arise.

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that individuals with no specific risk factors start colorectal cancer screening at age 45. However, if you have increased risk factors, your doctor may recommend starting screening earlier and potentially more often.

If you're over 75, discuss with your doctor whether you should continue screening based on your health history.

Important Reminder: This information is intended only to provide general guidance. It does not provide definitive medical advice. It is very important that you consult your doctor about your specific condition.

Colon Polyps | ACG